What is decentral ventilation and what is the advantages?

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What is decentral ventilation?

One of the types of mechanical ventilation, most often with heat recovery.However, the construction of such a system is completely different than typical ventilation with a recuperator.In the usual version we have a ventilation unit and a whole channel network.There are two fans in the headquarters - one provides airflow, the other its lift.However, in the heat exchanger, the already used air removed gives its heat to the fresh air explored from the outside.Air cleansing filters are complemented, and usually an electric heater, which allows you to clean the exchanger from condensation freezing during frosts.

However, there would be no use from the headquarters itself, if not for the channel system that connects it with individual rooms.There are also two cables connecting the headquarters with the intake and air launcher - these are connections with the external environment.At least one air channel must be brought to each interior, providing a lift or air supply.It is also necessary to ensure air flow from rooms with airflow (rooms) to those with lift (kitchen, bathroom, wardrobe).That is why the door in the rooms should have at least minimal undercuts at the floor, and bathroom and kitchen even holes.After all, if it is not possible to flow the air, his move - and therefore exchange - stop.

The decentral variety was invented so that it was not necessary to distribute the channels around the house.In addition, the effect of its operation is basically the same - we have controlled air exchange and heat recovery.All because a separate unit, a kind of miniature recuperator, is placed in each chopped room.

Wentylacja decentralna naprzemiennie usuwa i nadmuchuje powietrze

Simple system construction

No channel network is a basic distinguishing feature of decentral ventilation.And this need to arrange them is the biggest problem.In existing, already finished buildings, the laying of such large diameter pipelines usually does not come into play at all.However, in new homes it is often quite troublesome.In addition, not everyone wants to have such an extensive system of ventilation channels, even for fear of the fact that with time when they get dirty, they can become a habitat of bacteria and fungi.Cleaning them is troublesome.

In the decentral version, the channels are not needed, because each unit (miniature recuperator) is mounted on the outer wall.Actually in it, because the device housing is also a pipe passing through the wall thickness.It is through her that the air flows.Of course, it is properly completed on each page.On the side of the room, it is aesthetically looking cask, while on the external, its proper shape protects against atmospheric influences - rain, snow, wind.

Budowa minirekuperatora do wentylacji decentralnej. (fot. Marley)

The air exchange is provided by a quiet, high -quality fan.But it does not act constantly as an extraction, but in an alternating supply cycle of air supply/lift, changing the direction of flow every few dozen seconds.This has two very important consequences.

First, air exchange works effectively without the need to install diffusers within windows or walls.Let us remind you that in other systems the principle is different and some elements provide only lift, and others only the air supply.Therefore, for example.Traditional gravitational ventilation in many homes ceases to work after replacing the windows with new, tight and without diffusers.There are no such problems in the decentral version, because it is the mini -remedy itself that provides both air supply and air extract.Window diffusers simply become unnecessary.If they are already, they should be blinded so that they do not disturb the air exchange.

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Secondly, the unit providing decentral ventilation has a built -in heat exchanger that allows you to receive it from the removed air and then transfer the air to the air.So we gain a fully controlled, acting regardless of changes in weather conditions, mechanical ventilation and saving heat.

It should be added, however, that we will not do such decentralized ventilation in some situations.First of all, we will not be able to set up devices in rooms located in the middle of the building, away from the outer walls.Such may be e.g..Toilet without a window, all walls of which are internal walls.In addition, decentralized ventilation must include the entire building, or at least its zone separated in terms of air exchange.The bathroom ventilation will not work well, in which we leave the gravitational ventilation lift channel, and in all neighboring rooms we will set up decentralized ventilation mini -reinforcements.Because they will alternately cause the formation of vacuum (extrusion phase) and hypertension (air supply phase) in these interiors.The gravitational lift in the bathroom can work properly, only if it still has a vacuum in relation to neighboring interiors.This guarantees that the air always flows from other rooms to the bathroom, and not the other way around.

Anyway, when we do decentral ventilation in the bathroom, it is worth considering to set up 2 mini -remedies in it.In this arrangement, they communicate with each other and always work synchronously - when one pulls out, the other brings them into the bathroom.Then they change roles.Thanks to this, the bathroom never arises hypertension and air from it (along with smells) does not get into the neighboring rooms.

Therefore, although the construction of decentralized ventilation is quite simple, it is always worth consulting a professional who will choose the variant best suited to a specific building.

Heat exchange

How is the element that ensures heat exchange?Most often it is a ceramic block with lots of small channels that the air flows through.At the same time, through the same channels, the air flows alternately in opposite directions - as pulled out (removed) and shuffled into the rooms.Such an alternating action is the essence of the work of such devices.First of all, the cycles of the lift and airflow are short, about 1 minute each one.At the stage of removing through the ceramic block, warm air flows from heated rooms.Then the mass of the block heats up.

Then follows the airflow phase and through the previously heated channels of the block flows from the opposite side cold outside air.Of course, it heats up in this way before it hits the interior.

High efficiency

The efficiency of heat recovery in such an exchanger is very high and can even exceed 90%.This is even better than in the case of many typical ventilation units.There are no elements here that would falsify real performance, such as long channels.Because the air flowing with long pipes inevitably cools or warms up.If, for example,.The ventilation unit will be in a cool garage, heat losses will be inevitable.In the case of decentral devices, we also do not waste expensive electricity to heat the exchanger to remove freezing condensation from it.The fans only need low power, because they do not have to overcome the flow resistance generated by long channels.

Lack of frost

A serious problem in most ventilation units is the freezing of condensate, i.e. water vapor precipitating from warm internal air, when it is chilled by a stream of much colder air from the outside.It's a problem when the outside air temperature drops to OK.0 ° C.The harmonious exchanger loses the capacity and worse is conducting heat.If we do not defrost it, after some time the air movement will become impossible at all.Therefore, in central systems, e.g..electric heaters or expands the system with a ground heat exchanger (GWC), thanks to which the air temperature is raised.

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In a decentralized ventilation, the problem of the heat of the exchanger does not occur at all and there is no need to use electric heaters.Simply put, even during the greatest frosts, when the exchanger is heavily chilled, after a few dozen seconds the stream of warm internal air flows through it.Then he not only heats him, but also takes any condensate with him, thus moisturizing the breathtaking.

Quiet work and energy efficiency

The fans in decentral ventilation units are selected so that they work very quietly and use negligible amounts of electricity.The first requirement is obvious, because the device is in the living room, bedrooms, etc.., so in places where any noise would be very burdensome.Fortunately, with the right design and high quality, this is the most available.The more that one such fan does not have to pour huge amounts of air, and also no high compression is needed, i.e. the ability to overcome high flow resistance.

Thanks to these features, the low power of the fans is enough, only a few watts.It can be, for example,.from 3 to 11 W, depending on the gear.As a result, even a few pieces, sufficient for the whole house, uses less electricity than one standard light bulb.

Easy fan control

The very cyclical change in the direction of the flow is very easy to achieve.It is enough for this to change the direction of the fan speed.So there are no complicated mechanical elements here, which guarantees long trouble -free operation.

Changing the performance also does not cause trouble, because to reduce or increase the amount of air exchanged, just change the speed of the fans.Such decentral mini -pineraperators usually have 3 or 4 gears, giving very significant flow differentiation.It can be e.g..range from only 16 to 60 m³/h.In this way you can really match the intensity of ventilation to the actual needs.

In this respect, decentral ventilation is essentially a large advantage over typical systems with a ventilation unit.

First of all, we have direct control over how much air will be listed in each room separately.After all, changing the speed of one fan affects only one room.In central systems, we can easily change the intensity of ventilation of the whole house.Changing the fan settings in the headquarters does not give the possibility of diversity.

Technically it is possible to reduce e.g..the amount of air supply air to individual rooms, but this is not popular.Because if it is to be done automatically, you need a whole throttle system equipped with electric cylinders.Anyway, even such a system has serious restrictions.After all, it is impossible to reduce or increase the replacement of the entrusted in rooms where there is only a lift (bathroom, kitchen, toilet), not affecting the ventilation of neighboring interiors with the airflow itself (residential rooms).Simply put, the operation of the entire system is based on the fact that the air flows between them in a continuous basis.It is different in the decentral system, because in his case every interior with a mini -cuperator has a supply and air extract in a completely independent way.

In addition, in the decentral version, the channels have a negligible length, only ok.0.5 m.All because they only need to go through the outer wall.As a result, the air flow resistance is very low and the fan is able to easily overcome them even at the lowest rotational speed.

In the version with a ventilation unit and air channel network, the matter is much more complicated.The channels usually have a fairly diverse length, different course, different numbers of fittings (knees, tees, etc..).As a result, the resistance that the flow of the air stream is also varied.Of course, in a properly made system, it is properly adjusted with throttle.But such regulation works fully only at the predetermined ventilation intensity.In turn, the reduction of fan speed reduces not only the size of the air stream, but also its ability to overcome flow resistance in the channels.It may turn out that in an adverse case, the air movement in such a channel with high resistance practically dies and ventilation in a given interior ceases to work.

Intensywnością wymiany powietrza można sterować nawet zdalnie. Co ważne - w każdym pomieszczeniu możemy ustawić ją inaczej. (fot. Vents Group)

Control over the system

The fact that each of our minirecus is actually a fully independent device does not mean that having several of them and wanting to change the intensity of ventilation at home, we must do it by hand walking all over the building.All can be turned on, e.g..in the Wi-Fi network and control them remotely.At the same time, it is both from one place at home (we are sitting on the couch in the living room and change the ventilation settings in the bedrooms) and even being outside the home.It is to be understood that it is also possible to set an automatic change in the weathering intensity in such a system, depending on even the time of day.Remember that by reducing air exchange at night, or when the house stands empty, because we are at work, we save warmth.

The control options are really very large.From the simplest version, when we change the intensity of air exchange with a straight button on the mini -cinematographer's housing to the so -called.intelligent building.

Editor: Jarosław Antkiewicz Fit.Opening: Vents Group