How to mute the tractor, i.e. a few words about noise in the cabin.Part 1
Each of us receives noise differently.For one, it is a sharp heavy metal iron maiden, for the other Zenek's hits behind the wall at the neighbor.However, noise in any form is a harmful factor.Also in the tractor.How to fight him?
Although the negative effects of long -lasting in noise have been known for a long time, the fight with him as a pathogen for man is a relatively new field.
We have contact with noise in agricultural tractors from the very beginning of their existence.However, the first attempts to fight him began only from the moment of closed cabins in these machines.
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Choć podziwiamy stare ciągniki, praca mini nie należała do przyjemnych, a wielki tłumik wcale nie oznaczał ciszy fot. Adam ŁadowskiHowever, just closing the operator in even the most sealed cabin did not mean a reduction in noise reaching his ears, and sometimes on the contrary - the noise was even greater because of ... the construction of the cabin itself.Why? Before we answer this question, let's think about it.
What makes noise in the tractor?
Referring to our title question "How to silence the tractor?", You must first think about what he makes in it.Of course, the largest (literally) source of noise in the tractor is the engine and the exhaust system, but not only it.The source of sounds in the tractor is every movable element also in the clutch and gearbox.They also add their own and the wheels themselves.
Not all the sounds we hear are so troublesome that we receive them as an unpleasant noise.Most of them have low intensity and are inaudible among others, louder.So the whole cacophony of the sounds, which we receive as noise, reaches the operator's ears.
Let's return to the main culprit - engine.The intensity of the sounds emitted by him is closely related to the speed of the crankshaft.Simply put, the larger it is, the greater the noise.The exhaust system and the muffler condition also add their own.
What is noise?
In general, noise is the sum of sounds reaching the tractor operator, whose intensity (measured in decibels: dB) is unpleasant and harmful.Sounds, but not only those audible, because noise can also be felt with the whole body as vibrations or vibrations with very low and very high frequencies located outside the spectrum of our audibility.
Spektrum dźwięku pracującego silnika w ciągniku. Jest głośno. fot. Adam Ładowski
Long -term staying in noise has a negative impact on our physical and mental health.Even a short work near the source with a high sound intensity causes headaches and irritability, and the speed of response to external factors significantly decreases.
It was loud in agriculture for years.Although today we look at the old agricultural tractors with sentiment, the work of them was not pleasure, and from today's point of view and medical knowledge it was even harmful.
Cabin - a source of noise, and what was done about it?
The introduction of cabins in tractors was the first right step in the field of noise protection.However, as I mentioned, sometimes it turned out that in many cases the operator enclosed in the cabin feels more noise than the one in the same tractor without a cabin.There was a paradox - to be quieter, you had to open the door.
This was because in a closed "can", which was the early cabins, the sound of the working tractor was interference.Acoustic waves reaching the interior of the cabin reflected from large flat surfaces of the glass and overlap each.
Trainers manufacturers realized the early cabins quite early and started researching them to calm them down.The work in this direction was to ensure both a reduction in noise and increasing the operator's work comfort.Their main goal was:
- silencing noise
- reduction of interference inside
- mechanical insulation of the cabin.
When looking at the solutions made in this area, let's start with the mechanical insulation of the cabin.
Already in the 1960s.The first tractors appeared, whose cabins were separated from the design of the tractor itself, based on rubber pillows.Such a cabin has become a completely separate and closed element, which with the tractor body was connected in several places by rubber insulators that fulfill the role of shock absorbers.
This solution, though not ideal, limited the penetration of most vibrations of the machine inside the cabin and in simple tractor constructions we can meet them to this day.It is worth remembering that such simple rubber vibrations are used quite quickly, losing their insulating vibrations.
Zastosowanie materiałów tłumiących w kabinie znacznie poprawiło komfort pracy. Z czasem wymagają one jednak renowacji, jak na zdjęciu. fot. Adam ŁadowskiSponge, Skaj, Gum - and the noise dies in the cabin
Parallel with the suspension of the cabin on the pillows, shy attempts to silence the interior appeared in tractors by using upholstery materials.Increasingly, first in higher -class tractors, upholstery covered with felt or thin layer of polyurethane sponge was used.The inner roof slope and all the "bare" tin elements were raised with this material.Rubber mats appeared on the floor, which both silenced and helped in keeping clean.
Bend the glass and it will be quieter
"Upholstery" of the interior of the tractor was a rather effective step forward in the field of passive mute of the cabin.In its interior, thanks to the flat window, the phenomenon of interference still appeared, although in significantly suppressed by soft upholstery.The breakthrough in this area took place relatively recently thanks to the development of special types of glass, which could be almost freely bent, while maintaining the conditions of its safety.
The appearance of bent windows in the cabins caused that the sound reflecting from them dispersed in different directions, losing its intensity.Thanks to this, the phenomenon of interference in the cabins has become negligible and today you can control it, and even freely shape them, which positively affects the acoustics of the cabin itself.
In Part 2 we will look at the modern solutions that manufacturers use to limit the noise and we will think about how to calm the cabin in the tractor.
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